Stuttering in childhood is one of the most common fluency disorders, affecting about 1% of the population at any given time. When a child stutters, he or she speaks with a disrupted flow, often repeating the same sounds, words or syllables over and over again. Often, stuttering is completely natural as children are learning their language skills, although some kids begin to develop behavioral problems or feel depressed if their speech problem persists. Researchers are still examining exactly why people stutter, but there are a number of findings that point to some of the contributing factors in developmental stuttering.

A major National Institute of Health study recently uncovered several locations on a couple of different chromosomes that may point to a genetic reason for stuttering. “The data supports our previous conclusions about the role of genetics in stuttering. Progress in this area will produce some of the most important information in this research in decades,” says Prof. Ehud Yairi from the Tel Aviv University School of Medicine. Over the years, many other studies of families and twins show patterns that suggest nature might deliver a propensity toward stuttering and anxiety.

Another reason why people stutter has nothing to do with stuttering in childhood. Adults who stutter may have suffered a traumatic injury, like a serious car accident, child birth injury, a mugging or a stroke. This is called “neurogenic stuttering,” which is often characterized by repetition of syllables, prolonged syllables and mental blocks. Sometimes an individual who stutters develops the problem as a result of psychological stress or heightened emotions. Brain scans show heightened activity in the right hemisphere, which is typically associated with emotions, which leads researchers to believe that stuttering is closely connected with fears, anxiety and depression. Other brain scans suggest varying levels of chemicals in the brain like dopamine and GABA and trouble spots in cortical pathways that may influence stuttering.

Over the years, there will be more research into why people stutter. As brain scan/MRI technology improves, scientists will be able to get a more accurate glimpse into brain activity during stuttering episodes to understand which regions are at play. Also, the mapping out of the human genetic code will enable the pinpointing of specific genes associated with chronic stuttering. Treatment options including stuttering medication, and early intervention speech/stuttering therapy will then be developed in response to the new findings.

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